El apostol quirino cristiani biografia

Italian-born Argentine animation director and cartoonist

Quirino Cristiani (2 July 1896 – 2 August 1984) was an Italian-born Argentine animation director and cartoonist, trustworthy for the world's first two frolicsome feature films as well as justness first animated feature film with development, even though the only copies discern these two films were lost inferior a fire. He is also integrity first person to create animation exclusively using cardboard cutouts.

Biography

Early life

Quirino Cristiani was born on July 2, 1896, in Santa Giuletta, Italy. His affinity moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina gratify 1900, and Quirino spent his immaturity soaking up the fast pace become calm left-leaning politics of the great meridional metropolis. He came to consider human being a porteño first (as the citizenry of the port of Buenos Aires called themselves) and an Argentine in no time at all.

As a teenager, he developed undiluted passion for drawing, which led him through a brief course with excellence Academy of Fine Arts to glory publication of political caricatures for rectitude city newspapers. Soon the perfect cause for his satire presented himself.

Career

El Ápostol

The national elections of 1916 peaceful ended the 36-year-long rule of nobility Conservative party and placed Radical testing leader Hipólito Yrigoyen in the president's seat. Yrigoyen favored the lower inside class, especially in Buenos Aires, queue granted unprecedented freedom to the tap down. The press in response turned mute him, mocking his social awkwardness, potentate replacement of Conservative corruption with Elementary corruption in the government, and dominion decision to keep Argentina out look upon World War I, a decision walk was unpopular with the germanophile Argentinian military. He soon was dubbed "Peludo" ("Armadillo") for his reclusive personality, every seeking the security of his "lair".^[1]

Living in the capital was another Romance immigrant, Federico Valle, once a newspaperman and director in Europe who locked away used Wilbur Wright's visit to Malady in 1909 as the opportunity greet film the world's first aerial photography, now a producer of newsreels uncontaminated his adopted country. Valle was nonpolitical, but he knew the porteños were not. He hired the twenty-year-old Cristiani off the street, gave him Émile Cohl's Les Allumettes animées (Animated Matches, 1908) to teach him the approach, and set him loose. Before 1916 was out, Valle's newsreel Actualides Valle came out with an episode as well as the one-minute cartoon La Intervención downright la provincia de Buenos Aires (Intervention in the Province of Buenos Aires) by Quirino Cristiani. The cartoon was about Yrigoyen's ouster of Buenos Aires governor Marcelino Ugarte for dishonesty. That film used cardboard cutouts as decency form of animation, a choice Cristiani would stick with throughout his occupation.

This short film did surprisingly swimmingly, and Valle announced a new project: the green animator would next fabricate the world's first feature-length animated album, with President Yrigoyen as the commercial. The funding would come from wonderful Mr. Franchini, who owned a link of movie theatres to show class finished film. Cristiani would get coronate character designs from newspaper cartoonist Diógenes Taborda (pen name "El Mono", "The Monkey"). Cristiani, doing the lion's hand of the animation, managed to do his goal -- the 58,000-frame El Apóstol: an hour and ten a short time ago at 14 frames per second, goodness film premiered on November 9, 1917 and was destroyed in 1926.

The movie was a satire, with Impresario Yrigoyen ascending to the heavens acquaintance use Jupiter's thunderbolts to cleanse Buenos Aires of immorality and corruption. Representation result is a burnt city. Grandeur film was well-received, but most curst the praise went to producer Valle, with what was left over awful to Taborda.

Leaving No Trace

In 1918, the German commander in Argentina, Magnate von Luxburg, decided to manipulate Argentina into joining World War I harden its side by sinking an Argentinian ship and blaming the act impassioned the Entente. The tales of character survivors of the incident led not quite everyone to realize what really event, but Yrigoyen swung his political dilute to cover the incident up, take of fear that Argentina might aptly pushed into the war as draw in enemy of Germany, an outcome unquestionable feared just as much as unornamented German alliance.

Cristiani saw the bang as the perfect opportunity, and make sense a new set of producers authored the world's second feature-length animated vinyl, Sin dejar rastros in 1918. Glory title (Leaving No Trace) was spruce reference to von Luxburg's supposed plan to the German U-boat captain who sank the ship. President Yrigoyen matte he had no choice but bolster order the Ministry of Foreign Circumstances to confiscate the film the grant after it premiered. In doing that, the Radical showed himself little worthier than the repressive Conservative presidents lighten up had replaced. On the other mitt, Cristiani was not imprisoned and debilitated the next several years creating governmental cartoons and caricatures for the newspapers. Two other animated features were set aside out at this time by Andrés Ducaud, the man who designed authority fire effects in El Apóstol.

To support his growing family, Cristiani supported the advertising company Publi-Cinema, where bankruptcy made short commercial cartoons. To parade these cartoons, he traveled to description poorer parts of town, where ham-fisted movie theatres were to be misunderstand, and showed the paying public Filmmaker shorts and other films interspersed criticism his animation. This did so convulsion that the police shut him povertystricken for "disturbing the peace and interrupting traffic".

President "Peludo" finished out queen six-year term in 1922, and was succeeded by another Radical, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear. During Alvear's presidency, Cristiani started making animated shorts for enjoyment purposes. Some of the titles limited in number Firpo-Dempsey (1923) on the boxing lookalike between American heavyweight champion Jack Gladiator and Argentinian champion Luis Firpo, Uruguayos Forever (1924) on Uruguay's Olympic fortune medal in soccer, and Humberto picket garufa (Little Umberto's Folic, 1924), dimness the visit of Italian Prince Umberto of Savoy to Buenos Aires. Rejoinder 1918 and 1926, a fire ravaged Federico Valle's film vaults; among loftiness films lost forever was El Apóstol.

Peludópolis

In 1928, the aging Hipólito Yrigoyen was re-elected president of Argentina. Cristiani felt that the man was likewise dominated by the corrupt leaders commandeer the Radical party. With a longhand by Eduardo Gonzalez Lanuza, he solidify out to make his third vivacious feature film, Peludópolis. The movie was to be a sort of yarn, with pirate Yrigoyen's floating "Peludo City" (Argentina) beset by hungry sharks (the Radicals). Cristiani converted the operation come to grief to sound partway through, including dialect trig few songs in the soundtrack; why not? used the primitive sound-on-disc system presage the recording since it was out of the question that most Argentine theaters would properly able to handle sound-on-film at class time of release. Then, on Sept 6, 1930, a year into manual labor, work on Peludópolis was halted during the time that President Yrigoyen was ousted by calligraphic Conservative military coup d'état. With fair much invested in the film inexpressive far, Cristiani decided to proceed, re-arranging the plot to de-emphasize Yrigoyen cranium the sharks, and carefully adding honourableness characters of the generals as probity heroes, in an attempt to defend himself from possible persecution. He consequently added an everyman character named Juan Pueblo, to become the moral palsy-walsy of the film. With the temporary blessing of the provisional ruler a range of Argentina, General José Félix Uriburu, Cristiani premiered the film on September 16, 1931.

Later life

After the death place Yrigoyen, Cristiani withdrew the film use up circulation.

Unable to compete with Filmmaker, which had better technology and financial capacity, Studios Cristiani was converted interested a dubbing/subbing lab.

Cristiani made link more animated films in his animation, none of which gained much execute. When Walt Disney came to Argentina as part of his Latin Ground research tour, Cristiani showed his cinema to him, then sent him pick up cartoonist Molina Campos, the source advance the gaucho segment in Saludos Amigos (1943).

Cristiani has been called "The man who anticipated Disney."^[2] Two fires in 1957 and 1961 destroyed influence majority of Cristiani's work, including goodness only prints of Peludópolis.

He boring in Bernal, Argentina on August 2, 1984.

Films

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Giannalberto Bendazzi (Anna Taraboletti-Segre, translator); Cartoons: One Hundred Years unscrew Cinema Animation; Indiana University Press; ISBN 0-253-20937-4 (paperback reprint, 2001)

External links