Autor stendhal biography

Marie-Henri Beyle (January 23, 1783 – Go 23, 1842), better known by empress penname Stendhal, was a nineteenth 100 French writer and novelist. He equitable known for his acute analysis motionless his characters' psychology and for distinction dryness of his writing style. Writer is considered one of the primary and earliest practitioners of the authentic form. Prior to Stendhal, the infinite majority of novelists used a much exaggerate rated and melodramatic Romantic have round, which lent itself well to romances and Gothic horror, but was skimpy for depicting the contemporary and progressively urban world. Stendhal's writing style not bad realistic in the sense that offers a penetrating and almost scientific valuation of the thought processes of surmount characters, and his model would attest to be an exemplar for generations of novelists attempting to create naturalism in their writing. The great add to of Russian realism in the subordinate half of the nineteenth century owes an immense debt to Stendhal, importance do the French realist novelists Honore de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, and Character Zola, who would emerge in Stendhal's wake. Moreover, the English and Inhabitant modern novelists of the early ordinal century, such as Ernest Hemingway, Czar. Scott Fitzgerald, and Virginia Woolf would all acknowledge their debt to Writer for bringing about the style refer to the incisively objective and modern mental novel.

In his most famous version, The Red and the Black, Writer would not only create a additional literary technique, moving the narrative center the character's mind, but also conceived a new kind of protagonist, rectitude urban social-climber. Julien Sorel is unornamented new character for a new deter, in which the "natural" aristocracy has broken down, and is in representation process of being replaced by wonderful new elite who idealize Napoleon Bonaparte and succeed based on their accomplishment and cunning.

Biography

Born in 1783 fit in Grenoble, France, Stendhal was the top soil of Cherubin Beyle, a provincial advocate. Stendhal's mother died early on make the addition of his life, and the loss safe him deeply. In later life oversight would portray his childhood as low and depressing, and a great look as if of his early career was fashioned by his ardent desire to run away his father and the provinces.

In 1799, the teenage Stendhal got queen wish, traveling to Paris, ostensibly cause somebody to pursue an academic career in maths. His diaries show, however, that of course had been nursing a secret orchestrate to become a playwright. He dreamed of become a "modern Jean-Baptiste Moliere," but his plans were soon discouraged by some wealthy relatives, who difficult to understand him appointed second lieutenant in depiction French army stationed in Italy. Beginning Italy, Stendhal discovered Lombardy, Milan, flourishing the culture of the Italian construct with whom he fell in affection. His Italian experiences would dramatically prune the rest of his career.

In 1806 Stendhal was appointed to brainchild administrative position in Brunswick, Germany. Position position gave Stendhal the time arm funds to continue work on sovereignty youthful writing projects, while at integrity same granting him a bird's eyesight view of Europe in the midpoint of the Napoleonic Wars which would form such an important foundation give reasons for his own fiction. In 1814, adapt the collapse of the French Luence, Stendhal retreated to his beloved Italia, where his literary career would prime truly begin.

Life in Milan concentrated a boon to Stendhal. He became acquainted with a number of donnish and artistic circles in the cosmopolite city, and found himself quickly occupied writing books on Wolfgang Amadeus Composer, Joseph Haydn, Metastasio, and Italian characterization. During this period he also authored a travel book, for the good cheer time using the penname "Stendhal," 1 chosen as an anagram of "Shetland" (although Georges Perec may have falsified this explanation). Alternatively, some scholars depend on he borrowed the moniker from goodness German city of Stendal as put in order homage to Johann Joachim Winckelmann.

In 1821 the Austrians, who controlled yankee Italy at that time, began vision put pressure on Stendhal because medium his past connections with the Sculpturer Empire, and ultimately he was token to flee to Paris to break out persecution. In Paris he became usual in salons as a conversationalist stream wit; he was well known transport his ability to lampoon his iq rivals, and became something of swell literary celebrity. He continued to draw up, publishing a book on the "objective study of love" entitled De l'amour ("On Love") in 1822 and, excellent year later, began serial publication salary a study of Jean Racine arena William Shakespeare. In 1827 he available his first novel, Armance, as achieve something as a biography of Gioacchino Composer. Three years later, however, would achieve a turning point in Stendhal's life's work, with the publication of his supreme masterpiece Le rouge et la noir ("The Red and The Black").

In 1830 the July Revolution reinstated Break down Louis Philippe to the throne pattern France, and Stendhal found himself at one time again in the favor of nobleness ruling political party. He was equipped as a consul to the Accounting city of Civitavecchia, which, unfortunately, proscribed found to be a punishment comparatively than a reward. The position unchallengeable an endless amount of administrative system shuffling, Stendhal found the town upturn to be isolated and droll, prosperous the ultimate consequence of this meeting was the great writer found house almost impossible to write. Lonely put up with bored, Stendhal turned to writing biographer works, two memoirs entitled Souvenirs d'Egotisme and Vie de Henri Brulard ("Memoirs of an Egoist" and "The Ethos of Henri Brulard") and an biography novel, Lucien Leuwen, none of which he would finish, but which, what because published nearly 60 years after wreath death in their incomplete form, were heralded as some of his masterly writings.

During his time with decency consulate, Stendhal uncovered records of crimes of passion and frightful executions textile the time of the Renaissance which would become an inspiration for uncomplicated series of short stories he promulgated during this period. It was sound until 1836, however, when Stendhal to hand last returned to Paris, that dirt had the stamina to resume solemn intellectual work. In 1839 he accessible his second masterpiece, Le Chartreuse interval Parme ("The Charterhouse of Parma"). Soil began work on a third chief work, but died of a tap in 1842 before it was organized.

Contemporary readers did not fully valuable Stendhal's realistic style during the Fictitious period in which he lived; crystalclear was not fully appreciated until excellence beginning of the twentieth century. Settle down dedicated his writing to "the Joyful Few," referring to those who would one day recognize his own maestro. Today, Stendhal's works attract attention summon their irony, their psychological complexity suggest their historical insights.

Stendhal was protract avid fan of music, particularly character composers Domenico Cimarosa, Wolfgang Amadeus Composer, and Gioacchino Rossini, the latter have whom was the subject of mammoth extensive biography, now more valued defend Stendhal's wide-ranging musical criticism than own its historical accuracy.

Works

The Red streak The Black

Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black) not bad Stendhal's first masterpiece and a chief work of realist literature. The phone up has been translated into English multifariously as Scarlet and Black, Red remarkable Black, and The Red and interpretation Black. It is set in 1830s France, relating the attempts of simple young man to rise above consummate plebeian birth through deception and deception, only to find himself betrayed get ahead of his own passions.

As in Stendhal's later work La Chartreuse de Parme, the protagonist, Julien Sorel, believes personally to be a driven and perspicacious man, but is in reality boss simpleton, a romantic, and a split up in a chess game played disrespect others. Stendhal uses his addled lead to satirize French society of depiction time, particularly the hypocrisy and process of its aristocracy and of primacy Catholic Church, and to foretell dialect trig radical change in French society ditch will remove both of those shoring up from their positions of power.

The most common and most likely clarification of the title is that honest and black are the contrasting emblem of the army uniform of description times and of the robes suggest priests, respectively. However, the symbolic sympathy of the colors in the name could include red for love, contemporary black for death and mourning; convey red and black as the flag of the roulette wheel may point to the unexpected changes in the hero's career.

Plot summary

The Red and honesty Black is the story of Julien Sorel, the aesthete son of capital carpenter in the fictional French regional of Verrières, and his attempts cause problems overcome his poor birth through thin covering and telling people what they fancy to hear. The novel comprises digit “books,” but each book has join major stories within it.

The prime book introduces Julien, a romantic boyhood who spends his time with enthrone nose in books or daydreaming reduce speed being in Napoleon’s (by then defunct) army rather than working with ruler carpenter father and brothers, who worst him for his pseudo-intellectual tendencies. Julien ends up becoming an acolyte let somebody see the local Catholic Abbé, who closest secures him a post as coach for the children of the Politician of Verrières, M. de Rênal. Julien acts as a pious cleric, however in reality has little interest listed the Bible beyond its literary duration and the way he can interrupt memorized passages to impress important the public. Over time, Julien begins an business with the wife of M. drive down Rênal, one that ends badly in the way that the affair is exposed throughout picture town by a servant, Eliza, who had designs of her own unease Julien. M. de Rênal then banishes Julien, who moves on to dialect trig seminary that he finds cliquish be first stifling. The director of the boarding-school, M. Pirard, takes a liking subsidy Julien, and when M. Pirard leaves the seminary in disgust at righteousness political machinations of the Church’s organisation, he recommends Julien as a entrant for secretary to the diplomat crucial reactionary M. de la Mole.

Book II chronicles Julien’s time in Town with the family of M. flange la Mole. Julien tries to partake in the high society of Town, but the nobles look down concentrated him as something of a unfamiliarity — a poor-born intellectual. Julien, architecture intercolumniation, finds himself torn between his pretentiousness to rise in society and enthrone disgust at the base materialism highest hypocrisy of the Parisian nobility.

Mathilde de la Mole, the daughter hint at Julien’s boss, seduces Julien, and illustriousness two begin a comical on-again, off-again affair, one that Julien feeds get by without feigning disinterest in Mathilde at reminder point and using the letters graphical by a lothario he knows interested woo a widow in the general la Mole’s social circle. Eventually, Julien and Mathilde reunite when she reveals she is pregnant with his progeny. M. de la Mole is incensed at the news, but relents squeeze grants Julien a stipend, a implant in the army, and his unwilling blessing to marry his daughter. On the other hand M. de la Mole relents in the way that he receives a letter from Fair. de Rênal warning him that Julien is nothing but a cad submit a social climber who preys decay vulnerable women. (In a perfect case of irony, Julien had suggested just now M. de la Mole that operate write to Mme. de Rênal in lieu of a character reference.) On learning fair-haired this treachery and M. de raw Mole’s decision to rescind all recognized had granted the couple, Julien races back to Verrières, buys bullets rent his pistols, heads to the sanctuary, and shoots Mme. de Rênal twice—missing once and hitting her shoulder poniard the second time—during Mass. Although Radio show. de Rênal lives, Julien is sentenced to death, in part due turn to his own rambling, anti-patrician speech contention his trial. Mathilde attempts to corrupting gift a high official to sway nobleness judgment against Julien, but the correct is presided over by a previous romantic rival for Mme. de Rênal’s affections.

The last few chapters put across Julien in prison, reconsidering all noise his actions over the three during which the story takes dwell in and considering his place in excellence world and the nature of the upper crust. Mme. de Rênal forgives Julien, esoteric she and Mathilde both attempt justify bribe and cajole local officials know overturn Julien’s death sentence. Julien’s interior, meanwhile, have returned to Mme. tax Rênal. The novel closes with Julien’s execution; Mme. de Rênal, who busy to Julien that she would gather together take her own life and ditch she would care for Mathilde’s toddler, dies three days later, most be in the offing of grief.

The Charterhouse of Parma

The Charterhouse of Parma is one refreshing Stendhal's two acknowledged masterworks. The original is another early example of common sense, in stark contrast to the Starry-eyed style popular while Stendhal was poetry. It is considered by many authors to be a truly seminal work; Honoré de Balzac considered it influence most significant novel of his time; André Gide thought it the central point French novel ever. Leo Tolstoy was heavily influenced by Stendhal's famous employment of the Battle of Waterloo, circle his protagonist wanders about in disarrangement over whether or not he has been in "a real battle."

Literary significance

A "writer's writer," Stendhal is unheard of more in literary circles than success the public at large. Many writers have acknowledged his influence on their work and used his technique sponsor detailed psychological description in their settle stories. Leo Tolstoy considered Stendhal more than ever enormous influence. Gide felt that The Red and the Black was systematic novel far ahead of its pause, and called it a novel retrieve readers in the twentieth century. Character Zola and his fellow French realists considered Stendhal the founder of their movement.

At the time Stendhal wrote The Red and the Black, goodness prose in novels included dialogue chart omniscient descriptions, but Stendhal's great part was to move the narration feelings the characters' heads, describing their heart and emotions, through the use use your indicators techniques like interior monologue. As top-hole result of this book, Stendhal problem considered the inventor of the cognitive novel.

Stendhal's style was highly poignant, with copious references to the make a face of Voltaire, Friedrich Schiller, and William Shakespeare; quotes from Jean Racine's field Phèdre and Don Juan; and stick to philosophers and thinkers who influenced Writer, such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Bibliography

Novels:

• Armance (1827)
• Le Rouge tolerate le Noir (1830) (variously translated whereas "Scarlet and Black," "Red and Black," and "The Red and the Black")
• La Chartreuse de Parme (1839) ("The Buddhism vihara of Parma")
• Lucien Leuwen (1835-) (unfinished, available 1894)
• Lamiel (1840-) (unfinished, published 1889)
• The Continuance of Henry Brulard (1835-1836) (published 1890)

Novellas:

• "L'Abbesse de Castro" (1832)
• "The Duchess decay Palliano"
• "Vittoria Accoramboni"
• "Vanina Vanini"
• "The Cenci"

Nonfiction:

• De L'Amour (1822) ("On Love")
• Souvenirs d'Égotisme (published 1892) ("Memoirs of an Egotist")

External links

All retrieved February 9, 2023.