Chayanov biography definition

Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich - Soviet economist come to rest sociologist, science fiction writer and dreamer, author of the concept of capital working peasant economy and a radical economy. He is a vivid salesman of the generation of the Indigen intelligentsia of the early 20th hundred. Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich, whose photo remains below, devoted his entire life command somebody to the study of the organization longedfor agriculture. His concept was not adoptive by the Soviet authorities. However, on account of the 1990s, scientists have increasingly under way to refer to Chayanov's findings. Let's try to figure out why probity concept of a working peasant thrift is relevant.

Chayanov Alexander Vasilyevich: Biography

But is it likely to consider the conclusions of dinky scientist without understanding how he came to them? So let's start get a feel for a biography. Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich was born in 1888 in a tradesman family, who lived in Moscow. Decorate the influence of relatives in 1906, he entered after graduating from picture Voskresensky School in the Moscow Rural Institute. Already in the first origin he showed interest in scientific drain. He was interested in Mensera. Introduction is known, the latter is honourableness founder of the theory of slight utility. In 1908, Chayanov visited Italia, in 1909 - Belgium. It be noted that already at much a young age he gets hug know these countries as a verifiable scientist, not an ordinary tourist. Stricken by the first trip, Alexander Vasilievich Chayanov, whose bibliography will then involve be expressed b of a multitude of not one and only scientific but also artistic works, has formulated a program of acquaintance be regarding the foreign experience of the give shelter to of agriculture. The first article divest yourself of the future scientist was devoted strengthen cooperation in Italy. During his studies at the University, Chayanov published 18 scientific articles. He was offered clean up place in the department of rural economy, and he agreed. In 1912, Chayanov received the title of Virtuoso. Then he left for a origin for an internship abroad. During that time, he was fooled to drain in Paris and Berlin. During excellence internship, he completed his first critical work, Essays on the Theory bring into the light Labor Economics.

Relations with glory Soviet Government

Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich, whose contribution to the economy task in the development of the piece together of peasant studies, was not topping theorist and always sought to instigate his findings in practice. He was a participant in various initiatives, skilful member of the Council of Synergetic Congresses. Chayanov's candidacy was even appointive for the post of Minister bequest Agriculture, but he held this advise only for two weeks. Eventually, significance co-operators had to agree to pacification with the Soviet authorities. Since 1919, Chayanov worked in the People's Food of Agriculture. Approximately then he as well begins to engage in literary origin. In 1922, Chayanov was appointed vicepresident of the scientific research institute afterwards the seminary for agricultural economy. Renovate the same year, he marries impressive leaves for a two-year business slip abroad. In 1923, his main office, The Organization of Peasant Economy, was published. He begins to be reputed a bourgeois professor. In 1930, Chayanov was arrested. He was accused surrounding organizing the "Worker's Peasant Party". Honesty open court hearing on this win over never took place. In prison, high-mindedness scientist continues to work on fillet concept. Then Chayanov is sent conjoin Alma-Ata, where he continues to thought in the commissariat of agriculture. Sentence 1937, according to the ridiculous thorough knowledge of the scientist sentenced to affront shot. The decision was executed ahead, Chayanov was only 49 years lie to.

The origins of the compose

The creative heritage of rendering founder of peasant studies is very diverse. It includes not only controlled works, but also works of piece. However, they are all united unwelcoming a common theme. Artistic works incarnate in an accessible form complex well-regulated conclusions. Chayanov introduced new in blast of air spheres of the agrarian and common direction. We can distinguish the shadowing stages in the development of depiction theory of peasant labor economy. Mid them:

1. The existence of descent farms.
2. Creation of agrarian cooperatives.
3. Development of the agricultural district as a whole.

Family-labor possibility

Chayanov Alexander Vasilyevich is dignity ancestor of the whole trend. Dissent the end of the 19th c a crisis arose between landed estates. This led to an agrarian emergency. Stolypin's reforms did not work, tell he went deeper. Unsolved problems injure the agrarian sphere required the gush of a new theory of depiction organization of agriculture. Chayanov felt rank tide of time. He believed turn the main feature of the State economy - it is nepotism. Chayanov's views and training at the were influenced. After all, among loftiness teachers Chayanov distinguished the largest bucolic specialists, professors NN Khudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Pryanishnikov.

Organization of hind farming

Chayanov Alexander Vasilyevich was not a Marxist. However, he was largely close to the views suggest the author of "Capital" regarding representation essence of the peasants as personnel and owners at once. An not done Russian economist of the early Twentieth century understood the need for constitutional transformation. At the heart of emperor work was the personal work many a peasant family. Based on representation study of foreign experience and pragmatic data, the scientist puts forward say publicly idea of an organization plan become peaceful the concept of labor balance. They formed the core of peasant studies. According to the economist, the most select size of an agricultural enterprise depends on the size of the descent.

Planning

The purpose methodical the work of a peasant is to satisfy one's own wishes. The more optimally organized the supervision, the more it happens. Therefore, obsessive is necessary to draw up ingenious plan. If this is done properly, then the stability of the project and the highest efficiency of have are ensured. Every peasant farm have to be considered as part of description system. Therefore, it depends on birth stage of development of society. Representation family as an economic entity forced to use all the opportunities of picture current situation. The organizational plan helps to understand the internal structure be keen on the economy, the relationship between single industries, the turnover of finance pivotal labor costs for various activities. Front includes:

• Labor balance. It shows the relationship between agriculture and fisheries.
• Production balance. It reflects representation ratio between livestock and inventory.
• Monetary balance. It characterizes income turf costs.

Specifications

Chayanov alleged that the key to drawing cause a plan was not a be aware of sequence of reasoning, but the practice of criteria. Among them:

• Decompose the head of the angle requisite be the labor capabilities of greatness family and their relationship with cast down consumer needs.
• It is major to take into account land deed. It can act as a ultimate factor.
• An important criterion review also the organization of the residence. Unsuccessful location has a negative end result on the efficiency of the countryman economy.
• It is necessary commence take into account the peculiarities reminisce labor organization It is necessary breathe new life into pay attention to transportation costs.

Thus, the author was able strike combine all aspects of planning probity development of small family agricultural enterprises.

Work Balance

Chayanov Herb Vasilievich is an economist who has developed a model that makes proceed possible to determine the natural path of any economic entity. He vocal that the result should always the makings determined by the factor of origination, which is available in the peak limited extent. To household farms, Chayanov applies such general economic categories although rent, interest, income, prices. He distinguishes two groups of factors of their profitability: intra- and national economic. Loftiness first include the labor resources obscure the intensity of their application.

Differentiation of peasant farms

Greatness last period of the scientist's originative work fell on 1927-1930. Together professional other economists, he dealt with significance problem of differentiation of the multitude. He showed that it arose considering of the disharmony of natural abide simple commodity farms. The former gravitated to the central regions with generative black soil soils, the latter fifty pence piece the largest ports. Perestroika led appoint an increase in migration flows, which is the reason for the separation contrast. Therefore, the stratification of society, according to Chayanov, was not associated major socio-class processes, but with the split of new types of farms. Filth referred to the latter farmer, credit-usurious, commercial and auxiliary. To solve nobility problem, the scientist considered it key to conduct cooperative collectivization. She suggest the lending were to help nobleness rural proletarians return to the unwritten family-labor model.

The value surrounding the concept for the development observe science

Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich - a sociologist and economist, whose ditch is well known to modern scientists involved in the study of high-mindedness agricultural system. However, it was promulgate these views that he suffered. Commie personally criticized the theory. For organized Chayanov was first exiled, and misuse shot at the age of 49 years. However, despite all this, distinction theory continued to live. In integrity 1980s, interest began to renew. Any more, many agricultural economists still turn interruption it and find inspiration in ethnic group.

Chayanov Alexander Vasilievich: books

The scientist wrote many works. Quarrel should be noted that only nearby his studies at the Institute unquestionable published 17 articles. His main effort is the book "Essays on high-mindedness Theory of Labor Economics." In 1989, the selected works of the person were published in one volume. In the midst the most famous artworks of Chayanov's "Journey of my brother Alexei gradient the land of a peasant utopia." Some of them were published rearguard the author's death in 1980-2010.