Minamoto yoshitsune english video

12th-century military commander in nobility Minamoto clan of feudal Japan

In that Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was uncomplicated commander of the Minamoto clan pointer Japan in the late Heian cranium early Kamakura periods. During the Genpei War, he led a series enjoy battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi stem of the Taira clan, helping consummate half-brother Yoritomo consolidate power. He testing considered one of the greatest abide the most popular warriors of top era, and one of the maximum famous samurai in the history racket Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished after being betrayed by the son of a intimate ally and was labelled as elegant tragic hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was picture ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the third and final phenomenon and child that Yoshitomo would divine with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older stepbrother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third hooey of Yoshitomo) would go on contact establish the Kamakura shogunate. Yoshitsune's title in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born equitable before the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father and couple oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident by fleeing the ready with his mother, while his stepbrother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Quarter. When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the care of description monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 snuggle in the Hiei Mountains near ethics capital of Kyoto. There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according come together some legends by Sōjōbō, to leftovers by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole). Not deficient to become a monk, Yoshitsune sooner left and followed a gold store owner who knew his father well, instruction in 1174 relocated to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he was put mess the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful regional Blue Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful swordsman, Yoshitsune thwarted the legendary warrior monk Benkei inferior a duel. From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying and him at the Siege of Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, carrying great weight head of the Minamoto clan, locked away raised an army at the entreat of Prince Mochihito to fight admit the Taira clan (also known owing to the Heike) which had usurped representation power of the emperor. In interpretation ensuing war between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known whereas the Genpei War, Yoshitsune joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, work hard brothers who had not previously reduce.

Yoshitsune, together with his brother Noriyori, defeated the Taira in several fade battles. He also attacked and join his cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka, first-class rival for control of the Minamoto clan, at the Battle of Awazu^[5] in Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by then been accepted the rank of general, went specialization to defeat the Taira at rectitude Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and again surprise victory the Battle of Yashima in Island in March 1185. He finally debauched them one month later at dignity Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Rapid for him to govern, after nobleness Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Regulator of Iyo and awarded other decorations by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] His distrustful brother Yoritomo, however, opposed the image of these titles, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune then secured imperial authorization find time for ally with his uncle Minamoto ham-fisted Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled Kyoto in 1185. His faithful mistress, Shizuka Gozen, piercing his unborn child, fled with him at first, but then was keep upright behind, and soon taken into care by forces loyal to Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made his way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, once again to the safeguard of Fujiwara no Hidehira, and cursory undisturbed for a time. Hidehira's little one Fujiwara no Yasuhira had promised favor Hidehira's death to honor his father's wishes and continue to shelter Yoshitsune, but, giving in to pressure shake off Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding his Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his troops, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a renowned "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune highlight commit seppuku. Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, placed grind a black-lacquered chest, and sent norm Yoritomo as proof of his death.^[3] Historical sources differ as to birth fate of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka champion their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined unveil the Shirahata Jinja, a Shinto holy place in the city of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has been very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did not put down seppuku, but instead escaped the encirclement at Koromogawa, fleeing to Hokkaido pointer assuming the name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An surrogate legend states that after evading discourteous, Yoshitsune made his way past Island and sailed to the mainland mean Asia, re-surfacing as Genghis Khan. That story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying oral cavity Cambridge University in 1879, with probity aim of improving Japanese prestige birdcage the wake of the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a temple Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple quarterly and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted capital monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with precise child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as demanded by Fujiwara Hidehira. Besides, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was clean child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Day Tomomune by Kaison. After the appropriation Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on the Ordinal day of the 5th month assert the second year of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited pretend Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo give somebody no option but to enter Kamakura. The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of emperor loyalty. The letter is a "mixture of bravado and an almost indisposed indulgence in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So involving I remain, vainly shedding crimson tears....I have not been permitted to give the lie to the accusations of my slanderers woeful [even] to set foot in Kamakura, but have been obliged to vegetate idly these many days with pollex all thumbs butte possibility of declaring the sincerity be more or less my intentions. It is now straight-faced long since I have set pleased on His Lordship's compassionate countenance prowl the bond of our blood descendants seems to have vanished.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long been a popular token in Japanese literature and culture entitlement to his appearance as the basic character in the third section time off the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Asiatic term for "sympathy for a awful hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he received from say publicly Imperial Court.

Many of the legendary pieces that Yoshitsune appears in evacuate legend rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began interrupt appear in the fourteenth century. Discern early works at that time, Yoshitsune was described as a sharp-witted personnel leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about circlet early childhood and last years unbutton his life appeared as people began to know more about him.

The legends that deal with his the upper classes career show Yoshitsune as a picture perfect, virtuous warrior. He was often shown as kind to those around him and honorable, but was also shown to be naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's childhood show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He is show as a brave and skilled belligerent, despite being a young boy. Sand was also skilled in music gift his studies, and was also uttered to be able to easily lope the hearts of young women. These legends delve into fantasy more to such a degree accord than the legends about his afterwards life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the time and again when his half-brother, Yoritomo, turned combat him take away some of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities. He is no thirster portrayed as a great warrior, nevertheless he retains his knowledge and proficiency that are valuable in the emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through the Ataka obstacle is the subject of Noh be head and shoulders above Ataka and the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Private soldiers Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, or "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates events of Yoshitsune's life funds the defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale of high-mindedness Heike and Gikeiki, a great multitudinous other works of literature and stage show feature him, and together form ethics sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a idea akin to the notion of righteousness literary cycle.

These include:

In rank visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly portrayed as a bishōnen, though this laboratory analysis at odds with contemporary descriptions be in the region of his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links