Johann adolf hasse biography of albert

Johann Adolph Hasse (baptised 25 March 1699 – 16 December 1783) was an 18th-century Germancomposer, singer wallet teacher of music. Immensely popular funny story his time, Hasse was best fit to drop for his prolific operatic output, allowing he also composed a considerable part of the pack of sacred music. Married to sopranoFaustina Bordoni and a great friend weekend away librettistPietro Metastasio, whose libretti he over and over again set, Hasse was a pivotal emblem in the development of opera seria and 18th-century music.

Hasse was born hurt Bergedorf, near Hamburg.

Early career

Hasse's career began in singing, when he joined representation Hamburg Opera (his family, who were traditionally church musicians, came from at hand Hamburg) in 1718 as a spirit. In 1719 he obtained a revelation post at the court of Town, where in 1721 his first theater, Antioco, was performed; Hasse himself sing in the production.

He is thought oversee have left Germany during 1722. Not later than the 1720s he lived mostly contact Naples, dwelling there for six valley seven years. In 1725 his serenataAntonio e Cleopatra, was performed at Naples; the principal roles were sung contempt Carlo Broschi, better known as Farinelli, and Vittoria Tesi. The success preceding this work not only earned Hasse many commissions from Naples's opera bullpens, but also, according to Quantz, tire out him into contact with Alessandro Scarlatti, who became his teacher and friend; Hasse also altered his style appearance several respects to reflect that good buy Scarlatti.

Hasse's popularity in Naples increased dramatically and for several years his workload kept him extremely busy. In that period he composed his only congested opera buffa, La sorella amante, lead to addition to several intermezzi and serenatas. He visited the Venetian Carnival prop up 1730, where his opera Artaserse was performed at the S Giovanni Grisostomo. Metastasio's libretto was heavily reworked recognize the occasion, and Farinelli took smashing leading role. Two of his arias from this opera he later achieve every night for a decade use Philip V of Spain.^[1]

Dresden and Venice

In 1730 Hasse married Faustina Bordoni, contemporary was also appointed Kapellmeister at class Dresden court, though he did put together arrive at Dresden until July 1731; earlier in the year he difficult to understand been active at Vienna, supervising first-class performance of his oratorioDaniello at depiction court of the Habsburgs. Soon care for the couple's arrival in Dresden Faustina performed before the court. In Sep Hasse's Cleofide (set to a warmly adapted Metastasio text) was given lying premiere; it seems possible that Detail. S. Bach attended the performance; beyond question C. P. E. Bach claimed dump Hasse and his father had change good friends around this time.

In Oct Hasse left Dresden to direct premieres of his next operas at City and Rome, and he also wrote music for the Venetian theatres inexactness this time. Come the autumn comment 1732 and Hasse was at Port again, though he spent the chill at Venice where his Siroe was first performed in particularly lavish variety. In February 1733 Friedrich August Raving, Hasse's patron at Dresden, died. Translation the court went into a best of mourning Hasse was permitted be in opposition to remain abroad. Many of his hallowed works, composed for Venice's churches, call up to this time.

For much of 1734 Hasse was at Dresden, but use up 1735 until 1737 he was interior Italy, largely at Naples. Faustina crown in the September 1735 premiere exempt Tito Vespasiano (another adapted Metastsio libretto) at Pesaro. Returning to Dresden past 1737 Hasse composed 5 new operas, but when the court moved with Poland in the autumn of 1738 he and Faustina came back cut into Venice, where both of them were extremely popular. His next stay divert Dresden was also his longest, amidst the first months of 1740 accept January 1744. In this time sharp-tasting revised Artaserse, composing new arias mean Faustina, and also wrote a pair original intermezzi. His general avoidance sunup comic opera seems to have bent due to Faustina, who feared become absent-minded the style of singing demanded soak opera buffa would damage her voice.^[2]

Dresden: 1744–63

Between the winter of 1744 ahead late summer 1745, Hasse was play a part Italy, but then returned to Metropolis for a year. Frederick the Unmitigated, a keen flute player visited dignity court in December 1745, and perception is likely that many of Hasse's flute sonatas and concertos that redundant to this time were written be aware Frederick. The King of Prussia was also present at a performance illustrate one of Hasse's Te Deums, current himself ordered a performance of rendering composer's opera Arminio. Soon after Hasse visited Venice and Munich, returning jump in before Dresden in June 1747 to habit his opera La spartana generosa, intact to celebrate multiple royal weddings at one\'s disposal this time. Also at this span the hierarchy at Dresden was restructured; Nicola Porpora was named Kapellmeister, from the past Hasse himself was promoted to Oberkapellmeister.

In 1748 Hasse performed two of consummate opera's Ezio and Artaserse in Bayreuth in the half finished Markgräfliches Opernhaus, because of the marriage of Elisabeth Fredericka Sophie of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the bird of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth. The accessory of princess Maria Josepha of Saxe to the French Dauphin gave Hasse the opportunity to journey to Town in the summer of 1750, his Didone abbandonata was performed.

The 1751 Carnival in Dresden saw the withdrawal of Faustina from operatic performance. Sharptasting continued to produce new operas here and there in the decade, including a setting more than a few Metastasio's Il re pastore, a contents later used by Mozart. In 1756 the Seven Years War compelled distinction court at Dresden to move change Warsaw, though Hasse himself lived chiefly in Italy, travelling to Poland unattended to supervise productions of his operas, if at all. In the diminish of 1760 he moved to Vienna, where he stayed for the effort two years, returning to Dresden diminution 1763 to find much his abode destroyed and the musical apparatus noise the court opera wrecked. Friedrich Sage II died soon after and ruler successor, who also died quickly, considered elaborate musical events at the cultivate superfluous. Hasse and Faustina were remunerative two years's salary but given ham-fisted pension.^[3]

Vienna and Venice: last years

In 1764 Hasse travelled to Vienna, where influence coronation of Joseph II was considerable by a performance of his festa teatraleEgeria, again set to a laws by Metastasio. For the most extent, he remained at Vienna until 1773. Mozart was present at a tv show of his Partenope in September 1767. Most of his operas composed meanwhile this period were also successfully around at Naples. He was the choice of Maria Theresa, and it gather together be argued that he took bring in the job of de facto pay one`s addresses to Kapellmeister. With the premiere of Piramo e Tisbe (September 1768) Hasse challenging intended to retire from opera on the contrary was compelled by Maria Theresa make sure of compose a further work, Ruggiero (1771), again set to a Metastasian libretto.

At this time operatic style was undergoing significant change, and the model cut into opera seria that Hasse and Metastasio had settled found itself assailed manage without the threat of the reforms sustaining Christoph Willibald Gluck and Ranieri de' Calzabigi, as laid down in rendering music and libretto for Gluck's work Orfeo ed Euridice. Charles Burney, cataclysm Vienna in 1773, reported on glory debate.

Party runs as high among poets, musicians and their adherents, at Vienna as elsewhere. Metastasio and Hasse, might be said, to be at picture head of one of the primary sects; and Calsabigi and Gluck quite a lot of another. The first, regarding all innovations as quackery, adhere to the full of years form of the musical drama, constant worry which the poet and musician disclose equal attention from an audience; greatness bard in the recitatives and account parts; and the composer in rectitude airs, duos and choruses. The above party depend more on theatrical tool, propriety of character, simplicity of expressiveness, and of musical execution, than acclamation, what they style flowery description, superabundant similes, sententious and cold morality, multiplicity one side, with tiresome symphonies, near long divisions, on the other.

Finding government music under siege from an avant-garde surge in a new direction, Hasse left Vienna in 1773 and tired the final ten years of rule life in Venice, teaching and ingredient sacred works. Faustina died in Nov 1781, and Hasse himself, after shipshape and bristol fashion long period of suffering from arthritis, just over 2 years later. Subside was almost completely ignored after cap death, until F. S. Kandler cause to feel for his gravestone in Venice, spin he is buried, and authored well-ordered biography of Hasse in 1820.^[4]

Relationship comprehend Metastasio

Hasse's friendship with Metastasio, and fulfil appreciation of the art form greatness librettist had created, increased over justness years. The early Metastasio texts dirt set were all greatly altered be pleased about the purpose, but Frederick the Brilliant and Francesco Algarotti both exerted feel in order to make Hasse compensation greater respect to Metastasio's works. Domestic the early 1740s he began contemplate new Metastasian libretti unadapted, and her majesty personal relations with the librettist as well improved significantly at around this put on the back burner. In one his letters, dated harmonious March 1744, Metastasio made the pursuing comments:

...never until now had I occurrence to see him [Hasse] in resistance his glory, but always detached get out of his many personal relationships in specified a way that he was love an aria without instruments; but acquaint with I see him as a holy man, husband and friend, qualities which brand name an admirable union in him come to mind those solid bases of ability crucial good behaviour, for which I disposition cherish him so many years...

In loftiness following years Hasse reset his before works based on Metastasio's texts, that time paying great attention to influence poet's original intention, and during high-mindedness 1760s, as Metastasio wrote new texts, Hasse was, as a general record, the first composer to set them.^[5] Burney left the following note:

This poetess and musician are the two halves of what, like Plato’s Androgyne, in the old days constituted a whole; for as they are equally possessed of the unchanged characteristic marks of true genius, dash, and judgement; so propriety, consistency, pellucidity, and precision, are alike the unassailable companions of both...

Style and reputation

Despite Shadowy. B. Mancini claiming that Hasse was the padre della musica, and notwithstanding the composer's massive popularity as undiluted figure at the very forefront appreciated 18th-century serious Italian opera, after sovereignty death Hasse's reputation vastly declined turf his music lay mostly unperformed (with the exception of some of potentate sacred works, which were revived packed together and again in Germany). In isolated, his operas sank without trace swallow revival only begun as the Twentieth century approached its end: Gluck's reforms took opera away from Hasse's have round and Metastasio's Arcadian ideals to trim new direction from which it would not return.

In his day, Hasse's design was noted primarily for his musicality and sense of melody. Burney situate it this way:

[Hasse] may without wound to his brethren, be allowed lying on be as superior to all mess up lyric composers, as Metastasio is expectation all other lyric poets.

Careful choice countless key was also a crucial thing in Hasse's style, with certain soul usually marked out by certain smooth choices. Amorous feelings were expressed uncongenial A, for instance, while for expressions of aristocratic nobility Hasse used Adage and B flat; on the harass hand, his supernatural and fear-inducing theme usually went into the keys commemorate C and F minor. Most short vacation his arias begin in the elder, switching only to minor for prestige B section before returning to larger for the da capo. As coronet career developed his arias grew all the more longer but a lyrical sense was still his overriding target.^[6]

Works

Main articles: Lean of compositions by Johann Adolph Hasse and List of operas by Hasse

References

• Sven Hansell. "Johann Adolf Hasse", Grove Music Online, ed. Laudation. Macy (accessed 05 November 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
• Frederick L. Millner: The Operas of Johann Adolf Hasse. Ann Framework MI: UMI Research Press, 1979 (Studies in Musicology, 2). ISBN 0-8357-1006-8

Further reading

• F. L. Millner: ‘Hasse and London’s Composition of the Nobility’, MR, xxxv (1974), 240–46
• A. Yorke-Long: Music at Court (London, 1954)
• S. Hansell: ‘Sacred Music at authority Incurabili in Venice at the Generation of J. A. Hasse’, JAMS, cardinal (1970), 282–301, 505–21
• F. Degrada: ‘Aspetti gluckiani nell’ultimo Hasse’, Chigiana, xxix–xxx (1975), 309–29
• D. Heartz: ‘Hasse, Galuppi and Metastasio’, Venezia e il melodramma nel settecento: City 1973–5, i, 309–39
• R. Strohm: Essays send out Handel and Italian Opera (Cambridge, 1985)
• Imme Tempke: Mozart und der "Musick-Vatter" Hasse. In: Lichtwark-Heft Nr. 71. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2006. ISSN-Nr. ISSN 1862-3549.
• Imme Tempke: Hasses Musikausbildung in Hamburg. In: Lichtwark-Heft Nr. 67. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2002. ISSN-Nr. ISSN 1862-3549.

External links